Fifty percent of deaf people read at or below a fourth-grade level. 

Onudeah ���Oni��� Nicolarakis, born deaf, has taught deaf and hearing students and is earning her Ph.D. Her research focus is helping deaf people become proficient writers: ���My preschool communicated with parents through writing, and my mother always asked me what I wanted to tell them. I recognized writing���s power to express something others can understand. Written language is the map of spoken language.���

At New York City���s , once exclusively for deaf students, Nicolarakis taught hearing children fluent in signing (their parents were deaf) and others eager to learn. Language acquisition is ���messy ��� it doesn���t have to be perfect,��� she says. ���Make contact, have interactions, and language develops in an organic way.���